-
The Malaysian Journal of Pathology Apr 2024Lymphomas are a diverse group of malignant proliferations that arise as discrete tissue masses. The most widely accepted taxonomy for lymphoma is the World Health... (Review)
Review
Lymphomas are a diverse group of malignant proliferations that arise as discrete tissue masses. The most widely accepted taxonomy for lymphoma is the World Health Organization classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, the 5th edition of which was released in June 2022. Most (85% to 90%) lymphoid neoplasms are of B cell origin. Mature B-cell neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of malignancies with similar disease courses and treatment paradigms. This review focuses on the various mature B-cell lymphomas in Malaysia, including Hodgkin lymphoma. A literature search was performed in various bibliographic databases. A total of 64 papers were included in this review. We found 15 papers on Hodgkin lymphoma, 14 on follicular lymphoma, 12 on Burkitt lymphoma, 5 on mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, 4 on plasmablastic lymphoma, 3 on mantle cell lymphoma, 1 each on primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma, B-lymphoblastic lymphoma, and 3 on other unspecified B-cell lymphomas. The site, age, distribution, prognostic markers, and the various subclassification of B cell lymphomas were studied from these papers. Prognostic genetic markers in B-cell lymphomas include C-MYC, BCL2 and BCL6 as they are the most prevalent mutations in this condition. Anecdotal outcomes range from rapid fatality to unexplained spontaneous remission. This review adds to the existing literature on lymphoma in Malaysia by compiling the evidence that may lead to further research on the diagnosis and treatment of lymphoma in Malaysia and worldwide.
Topics: Humans; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Malaysia; Biomedical Research
PubMed: 38682841
DOI: No ID Found -
Blood Apr 2016
Topics: B-Lymphocytes; Humans; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone; Lymphoma, Follicular; Stem Cell Transplantation
PubMed: 26989203
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-03-692442 -
Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) Dec 2021Malignant lymphoproliferative disorders in the spleen may be primary (usually designated as splenic lymphoma) or secondary (due to progression of nodal or extra nodal...
Malignant lymphoproliferative disorders in the spleen may be primary (usually designated as splenic lymphoma) or secondary (due to progression of nodal or extra nodal lymphoid neoplasms) and represent an underestimated cause of splenomegaly, partially due to the decreasing frequency of splenectomy in our era of personalized molecular medicine [...].
Topics: Humans; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Spleen; Splenectomy; Splenomegaly
PubMed: 35049685
DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29010011 -
Hematology. American Society of... 2011Aggressive B-cell lymphomas are clinically and pathologically diverse and reflect multiple pathways of transformation. The 2008 World Health Organization (WHO)... (Review)
Review
Aggressive B-cell lymphomas are clinically and pathologically diverse and reflect multiple pathways of transformation. The 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) classification reflects this complexity with the addition of several new entities and variants. Whereas MYC translocations have long been associated with Burkitt lymphoma (BL), deregulation of MYC has been shown to occur in other aggressive B-cell lymphomas, most often as a secondary event. Lymphomas with translocations of both MYC and BCL2 are highly aggressive tumors, with a high failure rate with most treatment protocols. These "double-hit" lymphomas are now separately delineated in the WHO classification as B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and BL. A MYC translocation is also found uncommonly in DLBCL, but the clinical consequences of this in the absence of a double hit are not yet fully delineated. Most recently, MYC translocations have been identified as a common secondary event in plasma cell neoplasms, seen in approximately 50% of plasmablastic lymphoma. Another area that has received recent attention is the spectrum of EBV-driven B-cell proliferations in patients without iatrogenic or congenital immunosuppression; most of these occur in patients of advanced age and include the EBV-positive large B-cell lymphomas of the elderly.
Topics: Humans; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Phenotype; World Health Organization
PubMed: 22160082
DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2011.1.506 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is endemic in humans and can efficiently transform infected B cells under some circumstances. If an EBV carrier experiences immune... (Review)
Review
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is endemic in humans and can efficiently transform infected B cells under some circumstances. If an EBV carrier experiences immune suppression, EBV B cells can turn into lymphoblasts and exhibit growth expansion that may cause lymphoproliferative diseases which often develop into lymphoma. Our immune system conducts surveillance for EBV B cells in order to block spontaneous tumor formation. Here, we summarize the EBV products involved in tumorigenesis, EBV-associated lymphomas, and pathologically relevant mouse models. Preclinical mouse models for a range of EBV-associated diseases not only clear the path to new therapeutic approaches but also aid in our understanding of the nature of lymphomagenesis and immune surveillance.
Topics: Animals; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Disease Models, Animal; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Mice
PubMed: 33732260
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.639844 -
Missouri Medicine 2015Primary cutaneous lymphomas are non-Hodgkin lymphomas, which are broadly divided into cutaneous T-cell lymphomas and cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. These classifications... (Review)
Review
Primary cutaneous lymphomas are non-Hodgkin lymphomas, which are broadly divided into cutaneous T-cell lymphomas and cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. These classifications include numerous distinct entities, all with varying clinical presentations and disease courses. Herein, we will review the cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, including Mycosis Fungoides, Sézary syndrome, CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders, as well as other less common entities. Cutaneous B-cell lymphomas will also be discussed, including primary cutaneous marginal zoned lymphoma, cutaneous follicle-center lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type, as well as other less common entities. Accurate and early diagnosis is key, as the treatment and prognosis varies significantly between conditions.
Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous; Neoplasm Staging; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Prognosis; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 26455060
DOI: No ID Found -
Cancer Control : Journal of the Moffitt... Jul 2012Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (PCBCL) is a heterogeneous group of rare clonal B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders with distinct clinicopathologic features from more... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (PCBCL) is a heterogeneous group of rare clonal B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders with distinct clinicopathologic features from more common nodal B-cell lymphomas.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review of the relevant literature in the MEDLINE database and analyzed laboratory and clinical data. This review discusses the three most common types of PCBCL: primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (PCMZL), primary cutaneous follicle-center lymphoma (PCFCL), and primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type (PCDLBCL, LT).
RESULTS
Skin biopsies with histology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular clonality studies are essential for a correct diagnosis of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. Comprehensive lymphoma staging with laboratory and imaging studies and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy are important for determining the prognosis and differentiation of PCBCL from secondary skin involvement with systemic B-cell lymphomas. PCMZL and PCFCL are low-grade PCBCLs, with an estimated 5-year disease-specific survival rate of greater than 95%. Surgical excision or focal radiation therapy is sufficient to control stages T1 and T2 disease. Rituximab monotherapy is frequently used for patients with stage T3 disease. PCDLBCL, LT is an intermediate-grade B-cell lymphoma, with a 5-year disease-specific survival rate of approximately 50%. An anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimen with rituximab is usually required as initial therapy to improve outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
In less than a decade, significant progress has been made in our understanding of PCBCL. Novel classification, staging, and prognostic systems have resulted in more accurate diagnosis and prognosis. Although no randomized prospective studies have been conducted in PCBCL, therapies derived from systemic B-cell lymphomas have shown promising results.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; Antineoplastic Agents; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Prognosis; Rituximab; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 22710899
DOI: 10.1177/107327481201900308 -
Anticancer Research 2005Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) represent the most common type of adult non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in Western countries and are characterized by heterogeneous... (Review)
Review
Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) represent the most common type of adult non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in Western countries and are characterized by heterogeneous clinical, histological, immunophenotypic and genetic features. Recent investigations using cDNA and oligonucleotide microarrays have identified molecularly distinct groups of DLBCL with respect to the B-cell differentiation gene expression profile: the germinal center (GC) B-cell-like DLBCL, the activated B-cell-like DLBCL and the type 3 DLBCL. The GC B-cell-like DLBCL were characterized by the expression of genes of the normal GC B-cells, the activated B-cell-like DLBCL were characterized by the expression of genes that are normally induced luring in vitro activation of peripheral blood B-cells, while the type 3 DLBCL did not express either set of genes at a high level. Patients with GC B-cell-like DLBCL had more favorable clinical outcome than those with activated B-cell-like or type 3 DLBCL. Immunohistochemical studies have shown that the bc16/CD10/MUM1/CD138 B-cell differentiation immunophenotypes are prognostically relevant and may predict the cDNA classification in a sizable fraction of DLBCL. In the last few years, there has been accumulating molecular and immunohistochemical evidence indicating links between B-cell differentiation gene expression profiles and expression of apoptosis and cell cycle-associated genes in DLBCL. The present review summarizes data with respect to the relationships between B-cell differentiation, apoptosis and proliferation in DLBCL.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Differentiation; Humans; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
PubMed: 15816558
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports Sep 2014Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is a relatively rare lymphoma subtype affecting mainly young adults. Its molecular signature and clinical features resemble...
Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is a relatively rare lymphoma subtype affecting mainly young adults. Its molecular signature and clinical features resemble classical Hodgkin lymphoma. The optimal chemotherapy for this lymphoma subtype has not been established. The addition of rituximab to anthracycline based chemotherapy improved response rates and survival. Many centers use R-CHOP as standard treatment, but the role of the intensified regimens and consolidation radiotherapy has to be clarified. Recent data coming from retrospective analyses and an ongoing prospective study addressing the problem of consolidation radiotherapy will help to better identify risk groups and apply risk-adapted and effective treatment strategies. The latest research has helped to understand molecular mechanisms of PMBCL pathogenesis and indicated targets of directed therapy for the future.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Cyclophosphamide; Doxorubicin; Humans; Immunotherapy; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prednisone; Prognosis; Rituximab; Stem Cell Transplantation; Vincristine
PubMed: 24952250
DOI: 10.1007/s11899-014-0219-0 -
The Oncologist May 2006Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma represents a distinct entity with unique clinicopathologic features and a molecular gene-expression signature reminiscent of... (Review)
Review
Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma represents a distinct entity with unique clinicopathologic features and a molecular gene-expression signature reminiscent of nodular sclerosis subtype of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. Recent studies, including those using a refined molecular signature, suggest that the outcome is more favorable than that of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Using historical comparisons, dose-dense and dose-intensive regimens may be more effective than cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy; however, the impact of adding rituximab to these regimens and effect on outcome comparisons is unknown. Clinical trials exploring these questions in addition to the benefit of consolidative radiotherapy are necessary to definitively answer these questions.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Humans; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Mediastinal Neoplasms
PubMed: 16720849
DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.11-5-488